Full vs Partial Turnkey vs Consigned Assembly

Full turnkey: supplier-managed purchasing

The supplier procures bare boards and components against an approved release. The customer still defines acceptable parts and approves changes. Clarify minimum order quantities, material excess, source requirements and quotation validity. A full turnkey order can still exclude fixtures, firmware, test development or shipping unless these are explicitly included.

Partial turnkey: a documented split

The customer supplies selected materials and the supplier procures the balance. Add a supply-owner column to the BOM and identify who supplies bare boards. Record quantities, packaging and arrival dates. Without a complete split, both parties may assume the other is ordering an inexpensive but essential part.

Consigned: a complete customer kit

The customer supplies the boards and components. Assembly readiness depends on receiving and checking the kit, not simply on its shipping date. Agree setup and attrition quantities, acceptable packaging and how discrepancies are resolved. Include the same engineering files and test requirements that a turnkey order needs.

Compare the whole order

For all three models, align the design revision, build quantity, inspection scope, delivery basis and acceptance criteria. Separate purchased material from assembly labor and one-time preparation. Add the cost of coordination, excess inventory and additional shipments when evaluating which model suits your project.

A practical selection example

If a company already owns a scarce processor but wants the remaining BOM purchased for the build, partial turnkey makes the split explicit. If it has a complete labeled kit and an established procurement process, consignment may fit. If no material is committed, full turnkey can centralize the materials plan. Confirm the chosen model in the written quote rather than relying on the service label alone.